Insights of Vaccine Development Against Rabies

Rabies remains one of the most fatal zoonotic diseases, with vaccination serving as the cornerstone of its prevention and control in both animals and humans. Vaccine development has evolved from early nerve tissue-derived vaccines to modern cell culture-based and recombinant vaccines that offer improved safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Advances in molecular biology, reverse genetics, viral vector technology, and novel vaccine platforms continue to shape the future of rabies prevention. Understanding vaccine design, immune responses, antigen selection, manufacturing principles, and challenges associated with wildlife reservoirs, mass vaccination programs, and emerging technologies is fundamental to strengthening rabies control under the One Health framework.